They measured stars outward from the cores of these galaxies, to get an idea of how fast galaxies like our Milky Way must spin and how that spin decreases the farther from the core they clocked.Ĭontrary to centuries’ old physics, the outer stars were not orbiting more slowly than the inner stars. ![]() Astronomers Vera Rubin and Ken Ford used a sophisticated spectrometer to clock the subtle shifts in spectra of stars in spiral galaxies near and far. Dark matter makes up a larger portion of the Universe than the matter we know and detect around us.įor decades, “dark matter” was a footnote, and few pursued Zwicky’s course until a remarkable discovery in the 1950s proved him right.
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